Animations

Click on a link from the list below. Note that the animations have audio commentary

Chapter 1. Innate Immunity

• Infectious agents
• Phagocytes
• Mononuclear phagocyte system
• Phagocytosis
• Phagocyte microbicidal mechanisms mechanisms
• The alternative pathway of complement activation
• Alternative pathway activation of the membrane attack complex
• The role of complement in mast cell degranulation
• The overall role of complement in acute inflammation
• The role of complement and bacterial toxins in the activation of inflammatory mediator release from macrophage
• Acute phase proteins

Chapter 2. Specific acquired immunity

• Cross-linking by antibody triggers phagocytosis
• Lymphocyte morphology and immunofluoresence
• Clonal selection
• Killing of intracellular microorganisms by macrophages
• Acute inflammatory response
• T-cell help for dealing with intracellular infection
• The links between innate and acquired immunity

Chapter 3. Antibodies

• Antibody domains

Chapter 4. Membrane receptors for antigen

• The T-cell receptor
• MHC genes

Chapter 5. Antigen-specific recognition

• B-cell epitopes
• Antibody interaction with antigen
• The forces binding antibody to antigen
• Bivalent binding of antibody

Chapter 6. The anatomy of the immune response

• Primary and secondary lymphoid tissues
• The lymphatic system
• The high endothelial venules

Chapter 7. Lymphocyte activation

• MHC restriction of T-cells

Chapter 8. The production of effectors

• Consequences of somatic hypermutation
• IgM and IgG responses

Chapter 9. The regulation of the immune response

• Antigen drives the immune response

Chapter 10. Development and evolution of the immune response

• Lymphocyte development

Chapter 11. Adversarial strategies during infection

• Opsonisation
• Mucosal immunity
• Role of macrophages in chronic inflammation
• Production of interferon following viral infection

Chapter 12. Vaccines

• Vaccination against diphtheria
• Requirements for a successful vaccine
• Bacterial toxoid vaccines

Chapter 14. Allergy and other hypersensitivities

• Skin testing for allergy
• Type IV hypersensitivity

Chapter 15. Transplantation

• Graft rejection
• Lymphoid malignancies
• The fetus as an allograft

Chapter 17. Autoimmune diseases

• Fluorescent antibody studies in autoimmune diseases
• Autoimmunity can arise through bypass of self-reactive T-cells
• Neonatal thyrotoxicosis

Online chapter: Immunological methods and applications

• Immune complexes
• Immunoprecipitation
• Immunoassay
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Immunofluorescence on tissue sections